steel angle lintel span table for cmu

These are both available in different web thickness. Steel Lintels Pro Tip #3: Determine Your Load Support. The minimum breadth of the lintel must be 80 mm. Top Companies. Available in various lengths. Founded in 1958, IG Lintels is a division of Europe's largest manufacturer of steel lintels and masonry support systems. The following load tables are based on a minimum of 8" bearing. Thank you for your help. I do use an engineer for two story masonry walls or higher, typically those lintels are 9" high or a double linteled wall. No special inspections! Our L2 steel lintel acts as a leave in place form. OPC is in accordance with BS 12: 1989, and aggregates used are in accordance with BS BB2: 1983. SEE TABLE BELOW 25C 28C ROOF CONSTRUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL REQUIREMENTS TILED OR METAL SQUARE BULKHEAD / EAVES LINTEL DETAIL Attention: The 90x90x5 OZLintel meets or exceeds spans provided by 75x75x6 & 75x75x8 in the above table and is a straight substitution. With the intended position of the lintel marked on the wall, carefully use an angle grinder or masonry saw to cut away the mortar. 100mm x 100mm x 6mm. The Tables are given for both . Smart Angle™ - Galvanised Steel Lintels (Double Ribbed) for supporting brickwork. A single angle or double angle lintel configuration (or both types) may be selected along with user defined limits on the upper and lower bounds of both the horizontal and vertical leg sizes. Concrete block lintel is also very economical, as it's relatively simple to construct and purchase as precast blocks. This #EarthDay we are encouraging our teams to get back to nature. The lintel should not be bolted to the header. The breadth of the lintel should be equal to the thickness of openings& depth should be in the range of l/12 to l/8 of the span. The steel lintels are used when the load is heavy, or the length of the opening is considerable. I would size my opening according to block increments. All L-Strip are manufactured from steel The steel lintel contains steel angles or rolled joists. 1. bear lintels on grout -filled or solid block each end, minimum 200 (8") bearing length. Top 10 Manufactured Homes How To Stop Robocalls On Iphone . Tables 3 and 4 present allowable shear and moment, respectively, for various concrete masonry lintels, with vari- ous amounts of reinforcement and bottom cover based on a specified compressive strength of masonry, f' m = 1,500 psi (10.3 MPa) and the allowable stress design provisions of the 2011 MSJC (ref. The main drawback of concrete is its weakness to tensile stress, which is why we reinforce it with steel bars. Example lintel length = 150 + 1800 + 150 = 2100mm Sometimes this can be done in a manner that precludes the need for temporary shoring. Brick: Brick lintels are usually only suitable for light loads and small openings of no more than 90 cm. 3. join back to back angles with 16 ∅(5/8" ∅) bolts or 50 (2") long 6mm (1/4") fillet welds at 450 (18") o/c. Lintel width should equal the width of the supported masonry wythe. physical test requirements outlined in table 2 of BS 5977: PART 2: 1983 and table C.1 of BS EN 845-2: 2003 for lintels effectively having their own built-in DPC. physical test requirements outlined in table 2 of BS 5977: PART 2: 1983 and table C.1 of BS EN 845-2: 2003 for lintels effectively having their own built-in DPC. April 30th, 2018 - Cold Formed Steel Beam And Column Load Span Tables June 1993 DESIGN GUIDE 3' 'DuraGal design capacity tables for structural steel angles April 24th, 2018 - DuraGal design capacity tables for structural steel angles channels Read more about duragal capacity structural angles channels and austubemills com' That's because the steel angles can be sized to support each wythe of brick or each 4" of CMU, depending on specific circumstances, of course. Shoring is used if the lintel is built in place. Reinforcement is 5mm indented steel wire to BS 5896: 1980, having a minimum tensile stress of 1670N/mm2. CXL Extreme Load. Where steel angle lintels span the opening, TMS 402-16 3 requires that the lintel bear a minimum of 4 inches onto the adjacent masonry at the jambs of the opening. Step by step guide to installing a steel lintel. The steel for lintels, as a minimum, should comply with ASTM A 36. Ancon Lintels are manufactured from stainless steel and do not require any further corrosion protection. The masonry above the opening to the roof is 13'. Lintels have more than a thousand-year-old history as one of the most important structural elements of historical buildings. 11.Where there is less than 24" of concrete wall length between openings, and where either opening is greater than five feet in length, the lintel shall be reinforced to span over both openings. (90 mm) for use with nominal 4 in. Load limited by deflection of 1/600 span. 3. This Design Notes section shall be read in conjunction with Boxspan Residential Span Tables - Non Cyclonic Areas publication. c= clear distance of cell where reinforcement is placed, in. Deflection should be limited to 1/600 of the span to avoid cracking the masonry. Applications not complying with the above conditions are outside the scope of this publication and advice should be sought from a structural engineer. Add 150mm minimum bearing to each end. All Naylor Lintels are wet cast and have a concrete strength of 50 N/mm2 and are suitable to accept fixings providing that the tendons contained inside the unit remain undamaged. Stressline Cavity Wall Lintels are extremely popular, with a Galvanised Steel Finish adding to the Cavity Wall Lintels Durability and Strength. For harsh climates and exposures, Top Companies. Note: 1. a minimum of three courses of bricks must be laid above the lintel beam. The innovative design of Galintel® Steel lintels in concrete block walls are placed in the mortar between blocks, so the first step will be opening a space for the lintel itself. More…. To help find the right steel lintel for the right application, the Catnic product selector tool allows you to search by the type of wall construction and the proposed loading conditions . Generally, precast reinforced cement concrete lintels are used when the lintel span is smaller. An example of lintel supports is shown . Measure the size of the structural opening i.e. A s= effective cross-sectional area of steel, in2. The standard range of Ancon Lintels is designed to suit the majority of loading conditions found in residential and commercial buildings. All tables are intended as a . Offer helpful instructions and related details about Steel Lintel For Concrete Block - make it easier for users to find business information than ever. Both of these processes rely on just a simple coating of zinc to provide cathodic protection. These structural beams are a necessary support for when you're building a new home, adding a new entryway or creating a new window for more natural light. The vertical leg of the angle is equal in inches to 2/3 of the length of the opening in feet or the vertical leg of the angle times 1.5 will give you the allowable span. These can be made of wood or concrete; however, concrete is widely used due to its strength and durability. 6 It is assumed that the lintels are fully restrained by the presence of mortar between the vertical leg of the lintel and the brickwork, and will not be subjected to twisting. Minimum concrete cover over the reinforcing steel is 1 1/2". LOAD / SPAN TABLES FOR CONCRETE LINTELS Lintel Size Load / Span Table- Maximum Service UDL in kN/m* (No composite action with masonry over) CLEAR SPAN - mm TYPE W x D (mm) 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600 3900 4200 T100 100 x 70 8.50 4.87 3.16 2.21 T70 70 x 100 11.77 6.80 4.42 3.10 2.30 F100 100 x 145 40.44 28.80 19.03 13.50 10.07 7.80 6.21 5.07 4.22 3.56 3.05 Grind down parts of the concrete blocks if necessary, and then use a . We have every lintel in stock within our extensive range. Lintels. 3. b= effective width of section, in. The masonry lintels are designed in the first two tables without considering arching action, and simply designed for the maximum load that the steel member could support. For both brick and concrete masonry veneer, lintels can span up to 4.8 m when supporting a veneer no higher than 700 mm. 2. 4. at lintels abutting steel columns, concrete columns or concrete walls, provide support with We always knew Andy Stewart-Jones is a talented member of our sales . Models come in a variety of sizes that can be easily cut down with a jigsaw to fit in awkward corners or to trim off excess length. You can and probably should consult with a structural engineer that will help you find the right place for the hole. The Best Selling Stressline SL90 Cavity Wall Linte l comes in a Range of Duties and Lengths is Designed to support masonry loads, Distributed timber floor loads and uniformly distributed roof loads. Table-1: Lintel Weights in Kg/ 30cm. Table 3-3 Prescriptive spacing requirements for anchored masonry veneer ties based on TMS 402-16 6 provisions 1. See Table R608.3 for tolerances permitted from nominal thickness. For more information about Steel Lintels in Perth, contact us at 08 9494 0000 NEWSLETTER Keep up to date with product and company news and never miss out on our offers. 6 0 -d e g ree angles to the lintel ( F i g u r e 3). Let's assume you need a 900mm lintel, you would look at the details of the first column of each of the two tables. Masonry Support Systems and Lintels Masonry cladding on concrete or steel framed structures is normally supported by shelf angle support systems. Designers should not worry about means and methods. The specialised range of lintels includes flats, angles, T-bars and Rendabar®, all designed for optimum support of brickwork above clear openings. Lintel span Roof Trusses Floor Joists . Special lintels can be manufactured to suit architectural features, heavy duty applications . The most common steel angles are single angle lintels (cavity walls), and combination angles (solid walls). 2a) and the 2012 IBC (ref.1a). To choose the right steel lintel, you must understand the load . Marketing 27th July 2017 ALL, Concrete Lintels, Steel Lintels Leave a Comment Understanding lintel load span tables is important for specifying and selecting the correct lintel. Steel angle lintels span the opening; TMS 402-16 6 requires the lintel bear a minimum of 4-inches onto the adjacent masonry at the jambs of the opening. Galvanized-steel loose lintels are recommended except where architectural design dictates reinforced masonry or precast concrete lintels for appearance. Offer helpful instructions and related details about Cmu Lintel - make it easier for users to find business information than ever. Fully compliant with Australian Standards. Click to see full answer. Find masonry lintels in steel and black metal finishes. All. Add a minimum of 150mm to each end. These span tables have been prepared for a range of flooring and roofing applications in non-cyclonic wind regions using Boxspan® steel beams and brackets produced by Spantec Systems Pty Ltd. 2. . Once you find it, mark the line mortar that the lintel will be in. There's also the added fun of our competition with the person who grows the highest sunflower winning a £50 Sainsbury's voucher. Measure the size of the open space between the walls where the door/window frame is fitted. Lintel types S t r uctural steel shapes are com-monly used to span openings in brick masonry. Steel angle lintels span the opening and bear a minimum of 4-inches (per TMS 402-166 or more where required by Designer of Record) onto the adjacent veneer at the jambs of the opening. Both of these processes rely on just a simple coating of zinc to provide cathodic protection. Lintel Design Manual iii iv a= depth of an equivalent compression zone at nominal strength, in. Once the total load on the lintel is known, it can be sized to resist the calculated stresses. 100mm x 100mm x 6mm. Steel lintel supply is a niche market which Metwest Steel has specialised in over many years to ensure that we can confidently cater for all steel lintel requirements. (75 mm) for use with nominal 3 in. Where the depth of masonry, (including the lintel and the height of masonry in running bond above the lintel) is at least equal to the span of the lintel and there is sufficient length of wall adjacent to the opening to act as a buttress, then the lintel will act as an arch and loads on the masonry may be ignored. You can use an 8" high x 4" wide structural or wide flange I-beam. Galintel Traditional Angles are merchant bar lintels comprising of both hot-rolled and cold-rolled versions. IG Lintels design, manufacture and supply high quality steel lintels throughout Europe. Steel Lintels. 8" GlobalBlock Screen Grid Form Table 5.10 A&B Maximum Allowable Clear Spans (feet-inches) for Screen Grid ICF Lintels in Load-Bearing Walls: 3/2014: 12-D: Maximum Allowable Clear Spans for 6-inch Thick Screen-Grid Lintels in Load-Bearing Walls1,2,3,4,5,6,16 Roof Clear Span 32 feet and Floor Clear Span 24 feet: 3/2014: 12-E See Section R608.8.2 for lintels supporting concentrated loads. (4) When masonry lighter than brick is used over interior angles floor load may be increased by the difference in weight per square metre times the width of the opening. TABLE R703.8.3.1 ALLOWABLE SPANS FOR LINTELS SUPPORTING MASONRY VENEER a, b, c, d For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm. I use 5.5" brick ledges, so 4" wide angles push the lintel all the way to the sheathing/foam and not have tilt. All Hi-Spec fire rated Lintels produced by Naylor Lintels comply with BS8110-2: 1985, Section 4 table 4.3. (6 mm) thick with a horizontal leg of at least 3 1/2 in. Because masonry is a fairly rigid material, designers put in specifications to allow for differential movement. External Solid Wall. Long leg of the angle shall be placed in a vertical position. 1200mm + $42.70. Safe Load Tables Angles & Flats - safe load tables Unless otherwise indicated, load values in the tables are limited by stress. All. clear span lintel schedule (non load bearing walls) 5-5/8" 5x5x5/16 7-5/8" (2)5x3-1/2x5/16 9-5/8" 11-5/8" typical steel loose lintel detail notes: steel lintels shall be provided in all openings at masonry walls, including the following xabove all metal frames in masonry walls (unless noted on the door schedule to be framed with studs and gypsum. Note: The 200mm (v) x 100mm (b) x 10mm traditional angle is a galvanised cold-rolled section. Steel angles are the In the 20th century, however, masonry lintels have been replaced almost . 12.Construction joints shall not be installed within 24" on either side of any wall opening. These can also be prestressed for better load carrying capacity. It contains span tables, surface treatmentspecifications and installation details on the use of . ; Table values are based on concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 2,500 psi. Based upon the selected criteria up to 20 selections are automatically made from the AISC database of steel angles. 8x8x5/8" angle iron, can it span 16' bearing wall of block. Download Lintel Load Tables and Section Properties Please fill out this form to download the latest lintel load tables and section properties immediately. Allows masons to accurately line brickwork on lintel form. OZLINTEL STEEL ANGLE LINTEL. 4. We relish the opportunity to liaise with industry professionals on building projects, regardless of size. Lintel width should be the same as wall width. See Note j. Steel Lintels The purpose of a lintel is to support the structure above an opening. They are traditional steel sections used in the support of brickwork over clear openings and are not reliant on composite action. Steel lintel load span tables This first load span table is for a standard 50mm cavity lintel. Learn more. Yielding stress fy=235 Mpa, tensile strength fu=375Mpa for both legs. The UK's largest steel lintel range for next day, 2-4 working day fast track or standard up to 10 working day delivery, nationwide. 900mm + $32.00. What size steel lintel do I need? Cavity Wall. 4 Angle lintels are designed as simply supported single spans between supporting surfaces. Not generally available. The lintels were checked as a beam with fixed ends (as it is built integrally with the rest of the wall) and the specified loads applied directly to the lintel. Introduction to Masonry Support Systems 6 4 SPAN TABLE DESigN DATA Wide Inner Leaf. Step 1 - Find the right place to make the hole. Available in a wide variety of lengths custom sized to your specifications. Find the right place to make your hole. If you are new to load span tables you may want to look at our blog post on load span tables for beginners . Dead Load of the Wall Above the Lintel . You really don't have a lot of weight up there, so a web of 3/8" is more than enough to handle that. 8' is a common maximum length for use of steel lintels before fire protection requirements will come into play. Their thickness is kept around up to 8 centimeters for every meter. RCC lintels can be either precast or cast-in-situ. The Lintels Supporting Masonry tables were compiled by BHP Research - Melbourne Laboratories before their closure in May 1998. If that's not an issue than steel angles can be quite handy when installing openings in existing brick or CMU walls. Then you will need to add to that clear span measurement at least 150 mm on each side for the steel lintel. (100 mm) thick brick, and 3 in. Steel Lintel. A v= cross-sectional area of shear reinforcement, in2. The zinc protects the steel, but is itself liable to rust with aqueous alkaline Steel angle lintels should be at least 1/4 in. Under the renowned Galintel®brand, NEPEAN Building & Infrastructure designs and manufactures Australia's highest quality steel lintels for the building industry. Depth of reinforced lintels shall be not less than 8 inches and all cells of hollow masonry lintels shall be grouted solid. Mass per metre calculation is based on 7850kg/m^3. For example, for a span of 2100mm, a 150 x 100 x 2400 Galintel® may have a load of 949 kg/m applied safely, with a maximum long term deflection of 1/600 span or 3.5mm (2100/600 = 3.5). Speed construction time. Prefabricated masonry lintels eliminate shoring and can be loaded immediately after they're placed in the wall. Figure 1. In commercial construction, eye and hook steel ties that hold brick cladding to a block inner wythe are used to allow for differential movement. CLEAR SPAN 32 FEET LINTEL DEPTH, 30 Dg (inches) NUMBER OF BARS AND BAR SIZE IN TOP AND BOTTOM OF LINTEL STEEL YIELD STRENGTHh, f y(psi) DESIGN LOADING CONDITION DETERMINED FROM TABLE R611.8(1) 1 2 3 40 5 7030 Maximum clear span of lintel (feet - inches) 8 Span without stirrupsi, j 3-2 3-4 2-4 2-6 2-2 2-1 2-0 2-0 2-0 1-#4 Steel lintels are an essential component of building fabric specification. In other words and angle with a 4 inch vertical leg will support one wythe of masonry over a 6'-0 opening. Of these processes rely on just a simple coating of zinc to provide cathodic protection use of Business Information <... Minimum breadth of the angle shall be placed in a vertical position width should equal the of... Lintel in stock within our extensive range & quot ; masonry opening a minimum tensile stress of 1670N/mm2 we encouraging... 50Mm composite extra heavy duty ( CXHD ) lintel this can be Manufactured suit. Knew Andy Stewart-Jones is a common maximum length for use of t r steel. The same as wall width roof is 13 & # x27 ; look at our blog post on span. 4 table 4.3 is fitted which is why we reinforce it with bars. Design, manufacture and supply high quality steel lintels before fire protection requirements will into! In conjunction with Boxspan residential span tables - Non Cyclonic Areas publication placed! Masonry, in2 and can be sized to resist the calculated stresses steel angle lintel span table for cmu architectural dictates. Better load carrying capacity cavity walls ), in design service right to... The same as wall width wall construction above > this # EarthDay we encouraging! Lintels shall be placed in the wall construction above ( solid walls ), and 3 in drawback! Steel builders < /a > steel angle lintels ( cavity walls ) once the load. Are encouraging our teams to get back to nature equal the width the... I need parts of the lintel will be in possible in steel lintel spanning a 6 & x27... Cathodic protection and combination angles ( solid walls ), and 3 in and! Companies top Shelf Dog Llc suit the majority of loading conditions found in residential commercial... And can be done in a vertical position and commercial buildings for light loads and small openings of no than... 1/600 of the span and the 2012 IBC ( ref.1a ) steel builders < /a 1! Add to that clear span measurement at least 150 mm on each side for the lintel! The right place for the steel lintel acts as a leave in place support of brickwork over clear and! Parts of the angle shall be not less than 8 inches and all cells of hollow masonry lintels are on. Table 4.3 fu=375Mpa for both brick and concrete masonry veneer, lintels can be loaded immediately they. Wide flange steel or other solutions BB2: 1983 drawback of concrete is its weakness to tensile stress, is..., regardless of size the length of the angle shall be grouted solid cross-sectional of... And then use a the simplest way to make if the lintel known. Built in place form //civiltoday.com/construction/building/170-lintel-definition-types '' > CMU lintel - Civil Engineering < /a > 1! Are the simplest way to make the hole Smart™ lintel - Find the Business Information Quickly < /a lintels! A pack of sunflower seeds to grow and nurture at home should the! Lintel acts as a leave in place uctural steel shapes are com-monly used to span openings brick!, providing support to the wall construction above lintel, you must understand the load to your specifications however masonry! Table values are based on concrete with a minimum of 8 & quot ; on either side of any opening! Cold-Rolled versions a simple coating of zinc to provide cathodic protection //www.lowes.com/pl/Steel --?! Specifications to allow for differential movement fy=235 Mpa, tensile strength fu=375Mpa for both brick concrete! Ask for a keystone engineer to visit your site or office at Lowes.com < /a > steel throughout. Wall opening: the 200mm ( v ) x 10mm Traditional angle is a fairly rigid material, designers in... Are in accordance with BS 12: 1989, and then use a size steel lintel to increments... Size my opening according to block increments 20 selections are automatically made from the AISC database of lintels. 1/2 in better load carrying capacity builders, draftspersons and designers to specify use... Loaded immediately after they & # x27 ; is a common maximum length for use steel. Of these processes rely on just a simple coating of zinc to provide cathodic.... To Stop Robocalls on Iphone suit architectural features, heavy duty applications at home range. And all cells of hollow masonry lintels eliminate shoring and can be Manufactured to the. Line brickwork on lintel form when the load cell where reinforcement is placed,.! Fire rated lintels produced by Naylor lintels comply with BS8110-2: 1985, section 4 4.3... Sure reinforcing steel is correctly placed use a from a structural engineer that will help you it... Of steel lintels Pro Tip # 3: Determine your load support have been replaced almost Stop Robocalls on.. Will need to design a steel lintel, you must understand the load is heavy, or the of! Requirements will come into play must understand the load ( 100 mm ) for use of providing support the. Designed for optimum support of brickwork over clear openings and are not reliant on composite.! Within 24 & quot ; masonry opening of any wall opening back the boundaries What! Onesteel s range of lintels includes flats, angles, T-bars and,... At least 1/4 in # x27 ; re placed in the support brickwork... The steel lintel do i need to design a steel lintel hot-rolled cold-rolled! Span openings in brick masonry you may want to look at our blog post load... And use OneSteel s range of lintels includes flats, angles, T-bars and Rendabar® all! Are Traditional steel sections used in the support of brickwork above clear openings and are not reliant on composite.... Roof is 13 & # x27 ; the joists in position clear distance of cell where reinforcement is indented. Steel lintels Pro Tip # 3: Determine your load support though steel angles are merchant bar lintels of! Parts of the concrete blocks if necessary, and aggregates used are in accordance with 12... > Description angles or rolled joists steel lintel design with our custom design service to. Available in a vertical position just a simple coating of zinc to provide cathodic protection shear reinforcement,.! Not complying with the above conditions are outside the scope of this publication and advice should be least. Tube separators are provided to keep the joists in position above the opening to the roof 13. Ref.1A ) should be sought from a structural engineer do i need Areas publication reinforcement,.., angles, T-bars and Rendabar®, all designed for optimum support of brickwork clear... Fy=235 Mpa, tensile strength fu=375Mpa for both brick and concrete masonry veneer, lintels can done. Coating of zinc to provide cathodic protection lintels shall be grouted solid indented steel wire to BS 5896 1980! Why we reinforce it with steel bars lintels < /a > this # EarthDay we are encouraging teams... Be sized to your specifications manner that precludes the need for temporary shoring 1/2 in our... Of shear reinforcement, in2 clear span measurement at least 3 1/2 in: 1989, and in! The opportunity to liaise with industry professionals on building projects, regardless of size masons to accurately brickwork. 90 mm ) thick brick, and then use a angle lintels ( cavity walls ) and... Quality steel lintels throughout Europe a n= net cross-sectional area of shear reinforcement, in2 to. Lintels have been replaced almost encouraging our teams to get back to nature further corrosion protection our teams get. Bs8110-2: 1985, section 4 table 4.3 the size of the supported masonry wythe t r steel. X 100mm ( b ) x 10mm Traditional angle is a talented of! Traditional angle is a galvanised cold-rolled section BS 5896: 1980, having a minimum of 8 & # ;. For the steel lintels | IG lintels < /a > lintels - Ancon < /a > Galvanized-steel loose are! Is for a 50mm composite extra heavy duty ( CXHD ) lintel use with 3. Reliant on composite action design Notes section shall be placed in a wide of. Allows masons to accurately line brickwork on lintel form 95mm, and aggregates used in! Made from the AISC database of steel lintels before fire protection requirements will into! Spanning a 6 & # x27 ; must understand the load available in manner... Brick and concrete masonry veneer, lintels can span up to 20 selections automatically... Of 95mm, and aggregates used are in accordance with BS 12 1989! These can also be prestressed for better load carrying capacity r uctural steel shapes are com-monly used span. A n= net cross-sectional area of masonry, in2 2012 IBC ( ref.1a ) grow. To grow and nurture at home will need to design a steel.. Bs BB2: 1983 concrete is its weakness to tensile stress of 1670N/mm2 form... Aggregates used are in accordance with BS BB2: 1983 this can be Manufactured to suit architectural,... Limited to 1/600 of the supported masonry wythe when the load, precast reinforced cement concrete lintels are supported wide!, however, masonry lintels shall be grouted solid must be 80 mm 4.3! To get back to nature spacing of the supported masonry wythe cross-sectional area shear... Commercial buildings ( b ) x 10mm Traditional angle is a galvanised cold-rolled section lintel! Heavy duty applications be Manufactured to suit the majority of loading conditions found in and... Reliant on composite action a galvanised cold-rolled section generally, precast reinforced cement concrete for. Lintels eliminate shoring and can be sized to your specifications details on the use of, must... 90 cm SL50 has a height of 95mm, and combination angles ( solid walls ) and!

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