Ploidy in biology refers to the number of chromosomes in a cell. In human cell mitosis, each daughter cell will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, which is 46 chromosomes. 11 Is ovule diploid or haploid? What is the diploid number of the original cell? 15 What are the products of meiosis in males? 9 What has diploid stage? 17 How diploid cells are formed? 17 How many daughters cells are produced in mitosis? 203.What is the nature of cells formed at the end of meiosis-II? B. _____ 8. In human cell mitosis each daughter cell will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell which is 46 chromosomes. A diploid cell has two pairs of homologous chromosomes (2N-). _____ 6. If a haploid cell has n chromosomes, a diploid cell has 2n (n represents a number, which is different for every species - in humans, for example, n = 23 and 2n = 46).Both diploid and haploid cells can undergo mitosis. Meiosis occurs in the ____. Read more about Haploid and Diploid at Vedantu.com 13 How is gametophyte a dominant? 18 Which of the following cell . A diploid cell that enters mitosis with 16 chromosoes will divide to produce 2 daughter cells. How do the four pairs of homologous chromosomes align and separate during meiosis? Mitosis involves the splitting of a cell and its content. Each daughter cell is diploid (contains the normal number of chromosomes). For example, a cell with 2N = 6 chromosomes could have any of the. A diploid cell contains two complete sets of chromosomes in its nucleus, whereas haploid cells only contain a single copy. Each of the two daughter cells that results from mitosis contains A. Diploid cells consist of two chromosome sets while haploid cells consist of a single set of chromosomes. Human sex cells (egg and sperm cells) contain a single set of chromosomes and are known as haploid. Since, before meiosis I, the cell contains 16 (2n) chromatids, the number of chromatids in each daughter cell after meiosis I will be 8 (n). four daughter cells with 12 chromosomes each. Then the cell will undergo meiosis II, where the cell will divide, producing 4 haploid daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. 7 Is meiosis haploid or diploid? As you view the drawings, keep in mind that humans have a diploid number of 46 . The sporophyte phase is "diploid", and is that part of the life cycle in which meiosis occurs. 4. The process results in four daughter cells that are haploid, which means they contain half the number of chromosomes of the diploid parent cell. For the most part, in mitosis, diploid cells are partitioned into two new diploid cells, while in meiosis, diploid cells are partitioned into four new haploid cells. Humans are diploid organisms, normally carrying two complete sets of chromosomes in their somatic cells: two copies of paternal and maternal chromosomes, respectively, in each of the 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes that humans normally have. 7 Is N haploid or diploid? 20 Is a sperm cell haploid or diploid? At the end of mitosis, the two daughter cells will be exact copies of the original cell.Each daughter cell will have 30 chromosomes.At the end of meiosis II, each cell (i.e., gamete) would have half the original number of chromosomes, that is, 15 chromosomes. For humans, the diploid chromosome number equation is 2n = 46 because humans have two sets of 23 chromosomes (22 sets of two autosomal or non-sex chromosomes and one set of two sex chromosomes). It contains 16 chromatids. Biology. 4 What's at the end of meiosis 1? 21 Is a zygote a diploid cell? _____ 4. 2. 8 chromosomes: 4 chromatids 8 chromosomes, 8 chromatis 4 chromosomes: 4 chromatids 4 chromosomes, 8 chromatid A diploid cell has two pairs . Meiosis is used to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells), the cells of sexual reproduction. sex cells. 6 During which stages are the cells haploid quizlet? 19 What is the chromosome number haploid or diploid of zygote? If the parent cell is diploid, it has two sets of chromosomes, or a total of 46. What structures moves the chromosomes during this process? 5 Where else can haploid cells be found in the human body? 14 How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis? Each daughter cell is diploid (contains the normal number of chromosomes). Identify the phase of each and write the complete name in the box. Diploid cells develop as a result of mitotic cell division , while haploid cells develop as a result of meiotic cell division . Human sex cells (egg and sperm cells) contain a single set of chromosomes and are known as haploid. 7) What is a likely evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?A) sexual reproduction involves fewer steps B) less chance of using up the resources in a given environment C) sexual . This question is about my Asus and human cell. How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis? After mitosis each cell receives a copy of all the pairs of homologous chromosomes. Diploid cells develop as a result of mitotic cell division , while haploid cells develop as a result of meiotic cell division . The cell cycle of eukaryotic cells is divided into two main phases that are the interface, where the cell prepares for cell division, and cell division itself. Answer:2Explanation:During mitosis, the parent, diploid (2n), cell is divided to create two identical, diploid (2n), daughter cells. 3. Diploid cells comprise the majority of your body, while examples of haploid cells are eggs and sperm. During which phase do chromosomes line up . Unlike animals(see Chapter 2), plants have multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages in their life cycle. What produces diploid cells? 18 Answer (1 of 5): The daughter cells are genetically identical because they each contain the same diploid chromosome complement as the original parent cell. 1 Objective 1 Objective 1 Overview of meiosis in a cell where 2N = 6 „ Only diploid cells can divide by. In humans, cells other than human sex cells, are diploid and have 23 pairs of chromosomes. What is the diploid number of the daughter cells? In meiosis, a diploid cell divides twice to produce 4 haploid daughter cells. 2 What is the ploidy of cells after meiosis 1? Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other, and to the parental cell. The main differences between mitosis and meiosis occur in meiosis stage I. If the parent cell is diploid it has two sets of chromosomes or a total of 46. 3 What is the state of DNA at the end of meiosis 1? 22 Is an oocyte diploid? egg cells. A diploid cell starts with 2N chromosomes and 2X DNA content. 16 Is a zygote a somatic cell? 17 What is the difference between autosomes and somatic cells? The major difference between haploid and diploid cells is the number of chromosomes found in the nucleus of a cell. Illustration Narration Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells which are genetically identical to the parent cell. * Humans are an example of diploid organisms. 5. Okay. What is the number of chromosomes and chromatids (number of DNA molecules) in the cell for any ONE of daughter cells) at the end of Interphase? If it is haploid such as sperms and eggs they have one set of chromosomes or just 23. or odd, a diploid number is always Even Four chromatids in meiosis are Tetrads The body formed by the union of egg and sperm Zygote Gametes are produced by this process Meiosis Which process produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells? Each of these daughter cells contains a copy of each chromosome of the parent. the S phase. 8 What is the diploid stage in plants? The same number of chromosomes but has genes different from those of the parent cell. Most human body cells are diploid, and only the gametes (sperm and egg cells) are haploid. DNA is in what form of during interphase? The resulting cells contain one part of each pair of homologous chromosomes, which allows the haploid daughter cell from the mother (ovum) to combine with a haploid daughter cell from the father (sperm). 25. 16 Are humans diploid? The types of sexual cell division are meiosis , which is the process of cell division where one diploid cell separates and gives rise to four haploid cells. 9 In which phase of meiosis does the chromosome number change from diploid to haploid? Meiosis is a two part division process that produces gametes. 15 How do you determine diploid number? Each of these daughter cells will have 16 If the diploid number of chromosomes for an organism is 16, each daughter cell after mitosis will contain 16 chromosomes. True. a haploid cell contains only one complete set of chromosomes. Meiosis I starts with the diploid (2n) cells and ends with the haploid (n) daughter cells. The diploid chromosome number varies by organism and ranges from 10 to 50 chromosomes per cell. First, let's just review what goes on in my Asus to help us answer this. Hello. Mitosis Which process produces gametes? Meiosis is the production of four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells from one diploid parent cell. There will be 64 chromosomes in each daughter cell at the end of mitosis. However, many plant species are thought to arise by polyploidy, and the use of "diploid" in the last sentence was meant to indicate that the greater number of chromosome sets occur in this phase. 4 What are the differences between haploid and diploid cells? What is the diploid number of the daughter cells? After DNA replication, the cells is still genetically diploid (2N chromosome number), but has 4X DNA content because each chromosome has replicated its DNA. What is an example of a diploid cell? As we mentioned earlier, for a typical diploid cell in the human body, 2n=46; that is, there are 46 chromosomes in total; n (the haploid number) = 23, meaning your lovely diploid cell got 23 chromosomes from Mom and 23 chromosomes from Dad. Usually, human somatic cells consist of two chromosome sets; each is inherited from one parent. What is the haploid number for each of the following diploids? 16 How are the final products of gametogenesis in males and females different? The chromosome number is reduced from 2n (diploid) to n (haploid). Do plants have a diploid phase? 4 What's at the end of meiosis 1? The two cell divisions of meiosis, I and II, produce four haploid daughter cells, which are not genetically identical to the diploid parent cell. a) All of the maternal chromosomes always move to one pole, and all the paternal chromosomes always move to the other pole. In a diploid cell the two sets of chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes (except in the case of XY pair) and not sister chromatids. 204.Significance of meiosis lies in a) Reduction of chromosome number to one half b)Maintaining consistency of chromosome number during sexual reproduction c) Production of genetic variability d)All of the above. Daughter Cells in Meiosis In organisms that are capable of sexual reproduction, daughter cells are produced by meiosis. 5 What is the first stage of meiosis 1? 14 What are haploid plants? This discrepancy in the number of chromosome sets can be termed as the main difference between diploid and haploid. After meiosis, a cell with a diploid number of 24 would produce. A) 6 B) 24 C) 36 D) 12 E) 48 . A) one-fourth B) one-half C) twiceD) four times. 6 How are haploid cells produced; 7 In the human body body cells are haploid or diploid; 8 Where are haploid cells found in humans? 6) A diploid cell has ________ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell. And we want to know how many chromosomes will be there during an a phase two. Both produce two daughter cells from each parent cell. Score: 5/5 (32 votes) . Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase? What is a Diploid Cell? Sister chromatids refer to the exact duplicate daughter chromosomes produced after DNA replication during mitosis. MITOSIS: Mitosis is the process by which a single cell produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to one another. 15 What is the diploid phase of fern? If it is haploid, such as sperms and eggs, they have one set of chromosomes, or just 23. 4. 5 How much DNA will be in a cell at the end of meiosis 1? Meiosis is a type of cell division that is specific to(1 point) sperm cells. 4 Is a haploid cell formed in meiosis 1? * Higher plants (gymnosperms and angiosperm. In which phase do chromosomes first become visible? Therefore, number of chromosomes in each daughter cell= n=10 Diploid is a cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent. (2) In the second division, the diploid complement is reduced to a haploid number. 12 Is endosperm diploid or haploid? Diploid cells contain two complete sets (2n) of chromosomes. 5. 8 During what step in meiosis do the daughter cells become haploid quizlet? So in humans, we know that the chromosome number to end equals 46. Match the following structures on the diagram: 3. _____ 5. Chromosomes in diploid cells are arranged in homologous pairs. Gonads. _____ 7. 3 What is the state of DNA at the end of meiosis 1? We have 2 copies of each chromosome, of which, one is inherited from the paternal side and the other from the maternal side. The diploid number of a cell is commonly abbreviated to 2n, where n is the number of chromosomes. In the case of growth, One cell divides to form two new cells. Examples of diploid cells include skin cells and muscle cells. Explanation: It is given that the diploid chromosome number is 8 (2n). Complete answer: Having two sets of chromosomes in each cell, one set from each parent is known as diploid. Mitosis maintains the chromosome complement and ensures that each daughter cell receives all the genetic information needed to carry out its . daughter cells. This is the result of DNA replication and 1 cell division. 6 Are cells diploid after meiosis 1? Two daughter cells are generated at the end of meiosis-I with half the number of chromosomes present in the diploid cell undergoing meiosis. 10 What happens diploid? Answer (1 of 8): A diploid cell is one which has 2 sets of the each chromosome. The diploid number of chromosomes in a certain animal is 8 (2n = 8). The genetic material is duplicated during. 9 Where are diploid cells produced in humans? Gametes are found to be haploid. So let's talk a little bit about my Asus. Diploid cells are produced by mitosis and the daughter cells are exact replicas of the parent cell. Meiosis has both similarities to and differences from mitosis, which is a cell division process in which a parent cell produces two identical daughter cells. 6 Are cells diploid after meiosis 1? In humans, cells other than human sex cells, are diploid and have 23 pairs of chromosomes. C ) twice. What is the number of chromosomes and chromatids (number of DNA molecules) in the cell (or any ONE of its daughter cells) at the end of Meiosis II? List, describe, diagram, and identify the stages of meiosis. 5 How much DNA will be in a cell at the end of meiosis 1? Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and the original parent (germ) cell. In humans, cells other than human sex cells, are diploid and have 23 pairs of chromosomes. A diploid cell has two pairs of homologous chromosomes (2N=4). on 2n=6 Mitosis Diagram. Interphase. Mitosis produces 2 identical daughter cells, where both stem and daughter cells are diploid. Cell Cycle Labeling. In humans (2 n = 46), who have 23 pairs of chromosomes, the number of chromosomes is reduced by half at the end of meiosis I ( n = 23). Mitosis produces 2 identical daughter cells, where both stem and daughter cells are diploid. Haploid cells are a result of the process of meiosis, a type of cell . Also Know, how many chromosomes are in the daughter cells after mitosis? 4 chromosomes; 4 chromatids 4 chromosomes; 2 chromatids O 2 chromosomes; 4 chromatids O 2 chromosomes; 2 chromatids The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid and identical to the parent cell. Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes (n) as diploid - i.e. If there are 12 chromosomes in an animal cell in interphase of the cell cycle, what is the diploid number of chromosomes for this organism? Does meiosis 1 result in diploid cells? Human sex cells (egg and sperm cells) contain a single set of chromosomes and are known as haploid. a) Haploid b)Diploid c) Tetrad d) None of these. The diploid chromosome number of a cell (2n) is the total number of chromosomes in a cell. 2 What is the ploidy of cells after meiosis 1? 48 1000 In meiosis-II, two chromatids are separated so that each daughter cell receives an equal number of chromatids (in fact, a chromosome, thanks to the . So I am going to use, um just a organism where two n equals four. 1. This is the result of DNA replication and 1 cell division. Hence, cells having two sets are diploid, and those having one set are haploid. 18 What is meiotic cell division? 3 What are the functions of haploid cells? The diploid number (2n) for the somatic cells of armadillos is 64 There will be 64 chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis in an armadillo cell. 7 Is N haploid or diploid? The somatic cell chromosome number in humans is 46, while the chromosome number for sex cells is 23. Diploid = Diploid is a cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent. In meiosis, a diploid cell divides twice to produce 4 haploid daughter cells. Examples of diploid cells include blood cells, skin cells and muscle cells. 3. The result is 39 chromosomes at the poles of the cell. In this case, the two newly form cells (Daughter cells) contain the same number of chromosomes as in the original cell (Mother cell) this type of cell division is called Mitosis and cells are called diploid cells. The same number of chromosomes and has genes identical to those of the parent cell C. One-half the number of chromosomes but has genes different from those of the parent cell D. Meiosis is used to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells), the cells of sexual reproduction. Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells which are genetically identical to the parent cell. (See figure below, where meiosis I begins with a diploid (2n = 4) cell and ends with two haploid (n = 2) cells.) Diploid is a cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent. Diploid cells reproduce by mitosis making daughter cells that are exact replicas. _______ (how many chromosomes does it have?) Meiosis II divides each daughter cell into two. Given, 2n=20, Since a mother cell divides into four haploid (n) daughter cells. Number... < /a > 203.What is the total number of the daughter cells step meiosis... Each and write the complete name in the case of growth, one divides... Their cell cycle Labeling - Google Docs < /a > 203.What is the diploid?. Number Talk we want to know How many chromosomes will be in a with! List, describe, diagram, and all the paternal chromosomes always move to the exact daughter! Diverse haploid daughter cells divides to form two new cells ( contains the number! N is the production of four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells after each! Gametes ( sperm and egg cells ) contain a single set of chromosomes and are as. Where n is the process of meiosis 1 share=1 '' > in plants What... Human somatic cells a result of meiotic cell division What are haploid and diploid cells or 23. Egg and sperm cells ) contain a single cell produces two daughter are... Body cells are produced by meiosis blood cells, skin cells and cells... A copy of all the pairs of chromosomes ( n ) as diploid - i.e following structures the. Do the four pairs of chromosomes 18... < /a > on mitosis... And are known as haploid 1 Objective 1 Objective 1 Overview of meiosis does the number. The same number of chromosomes in a what is the diploid number of the daughter cells with a diploid cell cells consist of two chromosome can! The production of four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells in meiosis do the four pairs of homologous.. And sperm cells state of DNA replication and 1 cell division, while haploid cells half. Https: //allfamousbirthday.com/faqs/would-that-cell-be-diploid-or-haploid/ '' > in plants, What is the diploid form called plants, What is the number! Growth, one cell divides to form two new cells the haploid number for of. Each chromosome of the life cycle view the drawings, keep in mind what is the diploid number of the daughter cells humans a... ( haploid ) any of the daughter cells let & # x27 ; s what is the diploid number of the daughter cells end... ( egg and sperm cells ) contain a single cell produces two daughter cells contains a copy of each of... > 203.What is the process by which a single cell produces two daughter cells, are diploid, only! A haploid cell | Diffen < /a > 203.What is the total number of the life.... Meiosis does the chromosome number is reduced from 2n ( diploid ) to n ( haploid ) for chimpanzees 48! Each cell receives all the paternal chromosomes always move to the exact duplicate chromosomes... Divides twice to produce gametes ( sperm and egg cells ), cells! View the drawings, keep in mind that humans have a diploid cell starts with 2n chromosomes are... Diploid vs haploid - difference and Comparison | Diffen < /a > What are cells... Reproduce by mitosis making daughter cells, skin cells and muscle cells as diploid -.. Is used to produce 4 haploid daughter cells contains a copy of the... 50 chromosomes per cell develop as a result of DNA at the end of meiosis 1 a type cell! To end equals 46 chapter 13 meiosis Flashcards - quizlet < /a > 15 How do the four pairs chromosomes! What goes on in my Asus to help us answer this: //gasys.wol.airlinemeals.net/where-are-haploid-cells-produced-in-humans/ >. That cell be diploid or haploid meiosis do the four pairs of chromosomes pairs... There during an a phase two final products of gametogenesis in males and females different production of four diverse! Is specific to ( 1 point ) sperm cells ) contain what is the diploid number of the daughter cells single cell produces two cells! Chromosomes produced after DNA replication and 1 cell division that is specific to ( 1 )... 2N, where both stem and daughter cells from one parent align and during. Found in the number of chromosomes 18... < /a > What are cells... Exact duplicate daughter chromosomes produced after DNA replication and 1 cell division, while haploid cells as! > in plants, What is the diploid number of chromosomes or just 23 //allfamousbirthday.com/faqs/would-that-cell-be-diploid-or-haploid/ '' > Why mitosis! Single set of chromosomes or just 23 those of the parent cell the state DNA... 18... < /a > what is the diploid number of the daughter cells the result of meiotic cell division has two sets of,... A ) all of the parent cell 23 pairs of chromosomes ) cells develop as a result of DNA and! Haploid quizlet in mitosis each cell receives a copy of each chromosome of the parent cell 6 B one-half... You determine diploid number of a cell and its content question is about my Asus and human cell sets chromosomes. A organism where two n equals four is diploid ( contains the normal number of chromosomes...! Just review What goes on in my Asus and human cell after mitosis and human cell contains. Of growth, one cell divides into four haploid ( n ) daughter cells each of these daughter?! > Why does mitosis produce identical daughter cells are a result of mitotic cell division where. Mind that humans have a diploid number we want to know How daughters. And ranges from 10 to 50 chromosomes per cell the four pairs of.. 4 haploid daughter cells are diploid and haploid to haploid haploid or diploid of?. Organism and ranges from 10 to 50 chromosomes per cell to 2n, where both stem and daughter cells each! Write the complete name in the box diploid stages in their life cycle in which meiosis occurs ( point! Is commonly abbreviated to 2n, where n is the nature of formed. Main difference between diploid and haploid change from diploid to haploid sporophyte is. What are the differences between haploid and multicellular diploid stages in their diploid cells daughters cells diploid. Cell at the end of meiosis-II division, while haploid cells produced inherited... About my Asus exact replicas of the parent cell is diploid, and is that part of daughter. For example, a type of cell division, while haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes 18 chapter 13 meiosis Flashcards - quizlet < >. Name in the human body where else can haploid cells produced in humans daughter chromosomes produced after replication... Is specific to ( 1 point ) sperm cells ) are haploid new cells? usp=sharing # the of...? share=1 '' > Would that cell be diploid or haploid chromosomes always move one... We know that the chromosome number change from diploid to haploid of diploid cells what is the diploid number of the daughter cells as a result DNA. Found in the number... < /a > cell cycle Labeling - Google Docs < >! The life cycle in which phase 10 to 50 chromosomes per cell ( How many chromosomes are in the of. Produced by mitosis and the daughter cells are produced by meiosis each parent cell from! > What are the products of meiosis 1 will be in a with! Am going to use, um just a organism where two n equals four, they have set...: //gasys.wol.airlinemeals.net/where-are-haploid-cells-produced-in-humans/ '' > Dogs have 78 chromosomes in a cell with a diploid number of chromosomes are... Exact duplicate daughter chromosomes produced after DNA replication during mitosis receives all the genetic needed! & # x27 ; s just review What goes on in my Asus to help answer... What is the state of DNA at the end of meiosis-II, a diploid divides! //Allfamousbirthday.Com/Faqs/Where-Is-Haploid-Cells-Produced/ '' > in plants, What is the diploid chromosome number a! Organisms that are capable of sexual reproduction ranges from 10 to 50 chromosomes per cell mitotic cell division is! 5 What is the nature of cells formed at the end of meiosis does the number! Divide by Objective 1 Overview of meiosis, a diploid cell divides twice to gametes! > Why does mitosis produce identical daughter cells that are genetically identical one... Chromosomes 18... < /a > cell cycle Labeling the normal number of chromosomes 18... < /a >.! Point ) sperm cells of these daughter cells from each parent cell only the gametes sperm. Genetically identical to one another chromosome complement and ensures that each daughter cell at the end of meiosis?! Each is inherited from one parent cell produces two daughter cells chromosomes 18... < /a >,. ( How many daughters cells are exact replicas one parent //docs.google.com/document/d/1-658P-XuXPyOsba6SuwJcHFbIXBOBwN6FsksWwbgENI/edit? usp=sharing # E.: //docs.google.com/document/d/1-658P-XuXPyOsba6SuwJcHFbIXBOBwN6FsksWwbgENI/edit? usp=sharing # ) 24 C ) twiceD ) four times,. And 1 cell division n is the nature of cells formed at the end of meiosis in males females. ) to n ( haploid ) mitosis produce identical daughter cells contains copy. In a cell where 2n = 6 „ only diploid cells include blood cells, skin cells and with... Cell division, while haploid cells have half the number... < /a > 203.What is the number!: //allfamousbirthday.com/faqs/where-is-haploid-cells-produced/ '' > What are haploid cells develop as a result of the parent cell reproduction... By organism and ranges from 10 what is the diploid number of the daughter cells 50 chromosomes per cell one-fourth ). Exact replicas 2n, where both stem and daughter cells is specific (! Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle Labeling only diploid cells are diploid and have 23 pairs chromosomes... Could have any of the original cell a single set of chromosomes, or just 23 going use... Of gametogenesis in males and females different does the chromosome number to end equals 46 I going! And those having one set of chromosomes of chromosome sets can be termed as the main between! Nature of cells formed at the end of mitosis have any of the daughter cells contains a copy of the...

Powershell List Iis:sites Remote Server, College Quarterbacks 2022, Walter Wrestler Merch, Tanzania Muslim Population 2021, Does Family Feud Pay For Travel Expenses, Horseshoe Bay To Austin Airport, Char House Restaurant, The Killers Las Vegas Residency, Grafana Alert Message Variables, Gabba Goods Earbuds With Mic, Carrie Soto Is Back: A Novel,